Querying publication custom metadata is not supported, both for the
Content Delivery RESTful APIs (.NET and Java) and the GraphQL API.
The localization settings for Tridion Sites is stored as a JSON binary as part of the DXA TBBs. These are retrievable as binaries in the delivery system, and is DXA specific functionality. These binaries can be fetched via GraphQL, they have a URL such as the below
/system/resources/core.json
/system/config/core.json
To extract the information direct from GraphQL, the metadata will need to be fetched and parsed directly by the developer.
To suggest this or other product enhancements, enhancement requests can be submitted to the Tridion Sites ideas list. Enhancement requests are reviewed and evaluated for possible inclusion in future versions of the product.
https://community.sdl.com/ideas/sdl-tridion-dx-ideas/sdl-tridion-sites-ideas/